α2 3 galβ1 3  (Vector Laboratories)

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Spatial localization of avian and human influenza A virus receptors in male and female bovine reproductive tissues

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36120-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: SNA, MAA-I and MAA-II lectin histochemistry within the bovine penis. Panels A1-3 represent MAA-II lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-3 sialic acids which bind the duck adapted strain of IAV. Panel B represents MAA-I lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-4 sialic acids which bind the chicken adapted strain of IAV. Panels C1-3 represent SNA lectin staining, which is specific for the α2,3-linked sialic acids which bind the human adapted strain of IAV. Panels A3 and C3 represent whole slide images assembled by stitching together multiple overlapping, high magnification images (10X 5 × 5, 500 μm.). Panel D represents the negative control in which no lectins were added. Arrows in panel A2 indicate the stratified urethral epithelium. UL, urethral lumen; CS, corpus spongiosum; CC corpus cavernosum. Scale bar at 10X is 100 μm and at 20X is 50 μm.

Article Snippet: Biotinylated lectins were used to detect specific sialic acid linkages, SNA; α2,6-linked sialic acids (B-1305–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-I; α2,3-Galβ1-4, and (B-1315–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-II; α2,3-Galβ1-3 (B-1265-, Vector Laboratories).

Techniques: Staining, Negative Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Spatial localization of avian and human influenza A virus receptors in male and female bovine reproductive tissues

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36120-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: SNA, MAA-I and MAA-II lectin histochemistry within the bovine seminal vesicles and vas deferens. Panels A1-3 represent MAA-II lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-3 sialic acids which bind the duck adapted strain of IAV. Panels B1-3 represent MAA-I lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-4 sialic acids which bind the chicken adapted strain of IAV. Panels C1-3 represent SNA lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-linked sialic acids which bind the human adapted strain of IAV. Panels D1-2 represents the negative control in which no lectins were added. VL, vas deferens lumen; VE, pseudostratified vas deferens epithelium; CC, connective tissue; SM, smooth muscle. Scale bar at 10X is 100 μm and at 20X is 50 μm.

Article Snippet: Biotinylated lectins were used to detect specific sialic acid linkages, SNA; α2,6-linked sialic acids (B-1305–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-I; α2,3-Galβ1-4, and (B-1315–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-II; α2,3-Galβ1-3 (B-1265-, Vector Laboratories).

Techniques: Staining, Negative Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Spatial localization of avian and human influenza A virus receptors in male and female bovine reproductive tissues

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36120-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: SNA, MAA-I and MAA-II lectin histochemistry within the bovine epididymis, testis and spermatozoa. Panels A1-3 represent MAA-II lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-3 sialic acids which bind the duck adapted strain of IAV. Panels B1-4 represent MAA-I lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-4 sialic acids which bind the chicken adapted strain of IAV. Panels C1-7 represent SNA lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-linked sialic acids which bind the human adapted strain of IAV. Panels D1-3 represent the negative control in which no lectins were added. In panel C4 the white arrowhead is pointing towards a seminiferous tubule containing developing germ and Sertoli cells whereas the asterisk indicates the interstitium containing Leydig cells, blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue. In panel C5, the black shaded arrowhead is pointing to the elongated spermatids whereas the grey shaded arrowhead is pointing towards the round spermatids. VL, vas deferens lumen; VE, pseudostratified vas deferens epithelium; CC, connective tissue; SM, smooth muscle; EL, epidydimal lumen containing spermatozoa and broken stereocilia; EE, epididymal epithelium. Scale bar at 10X is 100 μm and at 20X is 50 μm.

Article Snippet: Biotinylated lectins were used to detect specific sialic acid linkages, SNA; α2,6-linked sialic acids (B-1305–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-I; α2,3-Galβ1-4, and (B-1315–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-II; α2,3-Galβ1-3 (B-1265-, Vector Laboratories).

Techniques: Staining, Negative Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Spatial localization of avian and human influenza A virus receptors in male and female bovine reproductive tissues

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36120-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: SNA, MAA-I and MAA-II lectin histochemistry within the bovine vagina, and cervix. Panels A1-2 represent MAA-II lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-3 sialic acids which bind the duck adapted strain of IAV. Panels B1-4 represent MAA-I lectin staining, which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-4 sialic acids which bind the chicken adapted strain of IAV. Panels C1-2 represent SNA lectin staining, which is specific for the α2,3-linked sialic acids which bind the human adapted strain of IAV. Panels D1-3 represent the negative controls in which no lectins were added. VE, stratified squamous vaginal epithelium; VL, vaginal lumen; CC, connective tissue; CE, simple columnar cervical epithelium; CL, cervical lumen. Scale bar at 10X is 100 μm and at 20X is 50 μm.

Article Snippet: Biotinylated lectins were used to detect specific sialic acid linkages, SNA; α2,6-linked sialic acids (B-1305–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-I; α2,3-Galβ1-4, and (B-1315–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-II; α2,3-Galβ1-3 (B-1265-, Vector Laboratories).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Spatial localization of avian and human influenza A virus receptors in male and female bovine reproductive tissues

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36120-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: SNA, MAA-I and MAA-II lectin histochemistry within the bovine uterus. Panels A1-2 represent MAA-II lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-3 sialic acids which bind the duck adapted strain of IAV. Panels B1-4 represent MAA-I lectin staining, which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-4 sialic acids which bind he chicken adapted strain of IAV. Panels C1-4 represent SNA lectin staining, which is specific for the α2,3-linked sialic acids which bind the human adapted strain of IAV. Panels D1-2 represent the negative controls in which no lectins were added. Panels A2, B2, C2 and D2 represent whole slide images assembled by stitching together multiple overlapping, high magnification images (20X 3 × 3, 150 μm). Panels B5 and C5 also represent whole slide images assembled by stitching together multiple overlapping, high magnification images (10X 5 × 5, 500 μm.). White arrowhead indicates endometrial glands and black arrowhead indicates vasculature. UL, uterine lumen; ULE, uterine luminal epithelium; UST, uterine stroma containing glands, blood vessels and connective tissue. Scale bar at 10X is 100 μm and at 20X is 50 μm.

Article Snippet: Biotinylated lectins were used to detect specific sialic acid linkages, SNA; α2,6-linked sialic acids (B-1305–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-I; α2,3-Galβ1-4, and (B-1315–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-II; α2,3-Galβ1-3 (B-1265-, Vector Laboratories).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Spatial localization of avian and human influenza A virus receptors in male and female bovine reproductive tissues

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36120-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: SNA, MAA-I and MAA-II lectin histochemistry within the bovine oviduct and ovary. Panels A1-3 represent MAA-II lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-3 sialic acids which bind the duck adapted strain of IAV. Panels B1-4 represent MAA-I lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-4 sialic acids which bind the chicken adapted stain of IAV. Panels C1-5 represent SNA lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-linked sialic acids which bind the human adapted strain of IAV. Panels A3, B3, C3 and D2 focus on antral follicles. Panel C4 focuses on primordial follicles whereas panel A4 and C5 focuses on ovarian vasculature. Panels D1-2 represent the negative controls in which no lectins were added. Black arrowhead indicates vasculature. OL, oviductal lumen; OE, oviductal epithelium; CC, connective tissue. Scale bar at 10X is 100 μm and at 20X is 50 μm.

Article Snippet: Biotinylated lectins were used to detect specific sialic acid linkages, SNA; α2,6-linked sialic acids (B-1305–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-I; α2,3-Galβ1-4, and (B-1315–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-II; α2,3-Galβ1-3 (B-1265-, Vector Laboratories).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Spatial localization of avian and human influenza A virus receptors in male and female bovine reproductive tissues

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36120-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: SNA, MAA-I and MAA-II lectin histochemistry within the mammary glands of lactating and non-lactating cows. Panels A1-2 represent MAA-II lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-3 sialic acids which bind the duck adapted strain of IAV. Panels B1-2 represent MAA-I lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-4 sialic acids which bind the chicken adapted strain of IAV. Panels C1-2 represent SNA lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-linked sialic acids which bind the human adapted strain of IAV. Panel D represents the negative control in which no lectins were added. AL, alveolar lumen; AE, alveolar epithelium; CC, connective tissue. Scale bar at 10X is 100 μm and at 20X is 50 μm.

Article Snippet: Biotinylated lectins were used to detect specific sialic acid linkages, SNA; α2,6-linked sialic acids (B-1305–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-I; α2,3-Galβ1-4, and (B-1315–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-II; α2,3-Galβ1-3 (B-1265-, Vector Laboratories).

Techniques: Staining, Negative Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Spatial localization of avian and human influenza A virus receptors in male and female bovine reproductive tissues

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36120-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: SNA, MAA-I and MAA-II lectin histochemistry within the bovine penis. Panels A1-3 represent MAA-II lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-3 sialic acids which bind the duck adapted strain of IAV. Panel B represents MAA-I lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-4 sialic acids which bind the chicken adapted strain of IAV. Panels C1-3 represent SNA lectin staining, which is specific for the α2,3-linked sialic acids which bind the human adapted strain of IAV. Panels A3 and C3 represent whole slide images assembled by stitching together multiple overlapping, high magnification images (10X 5 × 5, 500 μm.). Panel D represents the negative control in which no lectins were added. Arrows in panel A2 indicate the stratified urethral epithelium. UL, urethral lumen; CS, corpus spongiosum; CC corpus cavernosum. Scale bar at 10X is 100 μm and at 20X is 50 μm.

Article Snippet: Biotinylated lectins were used to detect specific sialic acid linkages, SNA; α2,6-linked sialic acids (B-1305–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-I; α2,3-Galβ1-4, and (B-1315–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-II; α2,3-Galβ1-3 (B-1265-, Vector Laboratories).

Techniques: Staining, Negative Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Spatial localization of avian and human influenza A virus receptors in male and female bovine reproductive tissues

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36120-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: SNA, MAA-I and MAA-II lectin histochemistry within the bovine seminal vesicles and vas deferens. Panels A1-3 represent MAA-II lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-3 sialic acids which bind the duck adapted strain of IAV. Panels B1-3 represent MAA-I lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-4 sialic acids which bind the chicken adapted strain of IAV. Panels C1-3 represent SNA lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-linked sialic acids which bind the human adapted strain of IAV. Panels D1-2 represents the negative control in which no lectins were added. VL, vas deferens lumen; VE, pseudostratified vas deferens epithelium; CC, connective tissue; SM, smooth muscle. Scale bar at 10X is 100 μm and at 20X is 50 μm.

Article Snippet: Biotinylated lectins were used to detect specific sialic acid linkages, SNA; α2,6-linked sialic acids (B-1305–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-I; α2,3-Galβ1-4, and (B-1315–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-II; α2,3-Galβ1-3 (B-1265-, Vector Laboratories).

Techniques: Staining, Negative Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Spatial localization of avian and human influenza A virus receptors in male and female bovine reproductive tissues

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36120-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: SNA, MAA-I and MAA-II lectin histochemistry within the bovine epididymis, testis and spermatozoa. Panels A1-3 represent MAA-II lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-3 sialic acids which bind the duck adapted strain of IAV. Panels B1-4 represent MAA-I lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-4 sialic acids which bind the chicken adapted strain of IAV. Panels C1-7 represent SNA lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-linked sialic acids which bind the human adapted strain of IAV. Panels D1-3 represent the negative control in which no lectins were added. In panel C4 the white arrowhead is pointing towards a seminiferous tubule containing developing germ and Sertoli cells whereas the asterisk indicates the interstitium containing Leydig cells, blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue. In panel C5, the black shaded arrowhead is pointing to the elongated spermatids whereas the grey shaded arrowhead is pointing towards the round spermatids. VL, vas deferens lumen; VE, pseudostratified vas deferens epithelium; CC, connective tissue; SM, smooth muscle; EL, epidydimal lumen containing spermatozoa and broken stereocilia; EE, epididymal epithelium. Scale bar at 10X is 100 μm and at 20X is 50 μm.

Article Snippet: Biotinylated lectins were used to detect specific sialic acid linkages, SNA; α2,6-linked sialic acids (B-1305–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-I; α2,3-Galβ1-4, and (B-1315–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-II; α2,3-Galβ1-3 (B-1265-, Vector Laboratories).

Techniques: Staining, Negative Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Spatial localization of avian and human influenza A virus receptors in male and female bovine reproductive tissues

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36120-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: SNA, MAA-I and MAA-II lectin histochemistry within the bovine vagina, and cervix. Panels A1-2 represent MAA-II lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-3 sialic acids which bind the duck adapted strain of IAV. Panels B1-4 represent MAA-I lectin staining, which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-4 sialic acids which bind the chicken adapted strain of IAV. Panels C1-2 represent SNA lectin staining, which is specific for the α2,3-linked sialic acids which bind the human adapted strain of IAV. Panels D1-3 represent the negative controls in which no lectins were added. VE, stratified squamous vaginal epithelium; VL, vaginal lumen; CC, connective tissue; CE, simple columnar cervical epithelium; CL, cervical lumen. Scale bar at 10X is 100 μm and at 20X is 50 μm.

Article Snippet: Biotinylated lectins were used to detect specific sialic acid linkages, SNA; α2,6-linked sialic acids (B-1305–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-I; α2,3-Galβ1-4, and (B-1315–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-II; α2,3-Galβ1-3 (B-1265-, Vector Laboratories).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Spatial localization of avian and human influenza A virus receptors in male and female bovine reproductive tissues

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36120-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: SNA, MAA-I and MAA-II lectin histochemistry within the bovine uterus. Panels A1-2 represent MAA-II lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-3 sialic acids which bind the duck adapted strain of IAV. Panels B1-4 represent MAA-I lectin staining, which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-4 sialic acids which bind he chicken adapted strain of IAV. Panels C1-4 represent SNA lectin staining, which is specific for the α2,3-linked sialic acids which bind the human adapted strain of IAV. Panels D1-2 represent the negative controls in which no lectins were added. Panels A2, B2, C2 and D2 represent whole slide images assembled by stitching together multiple overlapping, high magnification images (20X 3 × 3, 150 μm). Panels B5 and C5 also represent whole slide images assembled by stitching together multiple overlapping, high magnification images (10X 5 × 5, 500 μm.). White arrowhead indicates endometrial glands and black arrowhead indicates vasculature. UL, uterine lumen; ULE, uterine luminal epithelium; UST, uterine stroma containing glands, blood vessels and connective tissue. Scale bar at 10X is 100 μm and at 20X is 50 μm.

Article Snippet: Biotinylated lectins were used to detect specific sialic acid linkages, SNA; α2,6-linked sialic acids (B-1305–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-I; α2,3-Galβ1-4, and (B-1315–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-II; α2,3-Galβ1-3 (B-1265-, Vector Laboratories).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Spatial localization of avian and human influenza A virus receptors in male and female bovine reproductive tissues

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36120-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: SNA, MAA-I and MAA-II lectin histochemistry within the bovine oviduct and ovary. Panels A1-3 represent MAA-II lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-3 sialic acids which bind the duck adapted strain of IAV. Panels B1-4 represent MAA-I lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-4 sialic acids which bind the chicken adapted stain of IAV. Panels C1-5 represent SNA lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-linked sialic acids which bind the human adapted strain of IAV. Panels A3, B3, C3 and D2 focus on antral follicles. Panel C4 focuses on primordial follicles whereas panel A4 and C5 focuses on ovarian vasculature. Panels D1-2 represent the negative controls in which no lectins were added. Black arrowhead indicates vasculature. OL, oviductal lumen; OE, oviductal epithelium; CC, connective tissue. Scale bar at 10X is 100 μm and at 20X is 50 μm.

Article Snippet: Biotinylated lectins were used to detect specific sialic acid linkages, SNA; α2,6-linked sialic acids (B-1305–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-I; α2,3-Galβ1-4, and (B-1315–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-II; α2,3-Galβ1-3 (B-1265-, Vector Laboratories).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Spatial localization of avian and human influenza A virus receptors in male and female bovine reproductive tissues

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-36120-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: SNA, MAA-I and MAA-II lectin histochemistry within the mammary glands of lactating and non-lactating cows. Panels A1-2 represent MAA-II lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-3 sialic acids which bind the duck adapted strain of IAV. Panels B1-2 represent MAA-I lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-Galβ1-4 sialic acids which bind the chicken adapted strain of IAV. Panels C1-2 represent SNA lectin staining which is specific for the α2,3-linked sialic acids which bind the human adapted strain of IAV. Panel D represents the negative control in which no lectins were added. AL, alveolar lumen; AE, alveolar epithelium; CC, connective tissue. Scale bar at 10X is 100 μm and at 20X is 50 μm.

Article Snippet: Biotinylated lectins were used to detect specific sialic acid linkages, SNA; α2,6-linked sialic acids (B-1305–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-I; α2,3-Galβ1-4, and (B-1315–2, Vector Laboratories), MAA-II; α2,3-Galβ1-3 (B-1265-, Vector Laboratories).

Techniques: Staining, Negative Control